Leveraging the circular economy with a closed-loop supply chain and a reverse omnichannel using blockchain technology and incentives

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the benefits of blockchain circular economy (CE), which is composed both closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) systems and reverse omnichannel solutions. By ensuring transparency, traceability, visibility security, allows firms acquire operational capabilities through a CLSC service omnichannel, can boost business performance considerably. The related network relationships be reinforced by establishing incentives, entail smart contracts in active return approaches CE. Design/methodology/approach After identifying boundaries theoretical framework, several research hypotheses are developed according literature review emerging gaps. These gaps link impact on CE (CLSC omnichannel), as well influence performance. then tested using structural equation modeling adopting partial least squares-path technique dataset 157 firms. Finally, multigroup analysis used test incentives hypotheses. Findings facilitates more efficient system, although solutions seldom bring any shift from passive an approach must carefully evaluated. benefit developing appealing for collectors enhancing positive effects blockchain. In contrast, consumer have detrimental Various combinations only few increases, while collector vital reinforce system's capabilities. Originality/value takes new toward study CE, considers dual system omnichannel. explores whether adoption technology enables better processes improving operations services this first empirical work evaluate activate enable